French philosopher and sociologist. Born Isidore Marie Auguste François Xavier, is considered the founder of a pragmatic ideology, known as Positivism. In contrast to the metaphysical claims of Hegelian Idealism, he enunciated the theory of the priority of Scientific Knowledge in his work “Cours de philosophie positive”. His doctrine is far removed from materialism and to spiritualism, that are founded on the opposition absolute  and  static between matter and spirit. He has published numerous essays, including “Discours sur l’esprit positif”, “Système de politique positive,” “Plan des travaux scientifiques réorganiser nécessaires pour la société”.  He died at age 59, because of internal bleeding. (bio by: Lucy Caldarelli)